CARBON-NEUTRAL HYDROCARBON-FUELLED VEHICLE TRANSPORTATION WITH FUEL RE-SYNTHESIS FROM ON-BOARD SEQUESTRATED CO2
A combination of the Zero Emission Petrol Vehicle (ZEPV) concept, catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 and the methanol to gasoline process has been analysed to examine gasoline re-synthesis from recycled CO2. CO2 from closed-cycle gasoline combustion in a modified conventional IC engine can be readily liquefied and stored on-board. This liquid CO2 is available to be converted back to gasoline via methanol. Three possible chemical pathways for this re-synthesis are direct CO2 hydrogenation, the Camere process and the H2O-CO2 electrolysis. According to the magnitude of the “ideal” and “practical” energy recycle penalty (η), which are obtained from material and energy balances for around 30 million vehicles in UK, direct CO2 hydrogenation and the Camere process should be considered. Carrying out this recycling in a set of geographically distributed “re-syn fuel” refineries using offshore wind energy has no further cost for exploration and production of crude oil, no limitation of raw material and furthermore no cost penalty for the emitted carbon value. By predicting that the wind energy cost will be reduced as low at 2.5 p per kWh in the future (2020), it is estimated that the total production costs for this futuristic sustainable re-synthesis refinery would be decreased to 16 p per litre of gasoline. This cost is cheaper than for current conventional oil refineries (18.3 p per litre) and still less than the total cost for a “re-syn fuel” refinery powered by indigenous non-sustainable coal (21.8 p per litre). Based on the initial economic analysis, gasoline re-synthesis from recycled CO2 (to produce re-syn fuel) using offshore wind energy, is both perfectly sustainable and almost competitive for today and will be cheaper than petrol from crude oil in the future. Although this analysis is based on gasoline, the concept is straight forwardly extended to diesel. In this way, the present 25% of total UK CO2 emissions from road transport could be reduced to virtually zero.
Dibuat oleh : M.R.Musadi, P.N.Sharratt and R.Mann
Alamat e-mail : maya_rama@itenas.ac.id
Kata Kunci: CO2 hydrogenation, re-syn fuel refinery, offshore wind energy
Keterangan : Karya Ilmiah ini dimuat pada PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11th APCChE CONGRESS 2006
27th – 30th AUGUST 2006, KUALA LUMPUR PAPER ID: 445